Horse and rider

The most powerful dynasty to arise in northern China during the Period of Disunity was founded by the Tuoba Xianbei, a non-Chinese nomadic tribespeople, and called the Northern Wei (386–535). Upon founding their dynasty they quickly adopted Chinese customs, including a Chinese-style bureaucracy and the adoption of Chinese names by members of the aristocracy. The lands ruled by the Northern Wei included important Silk Road trade routes that linked China with Central Asia and regions further west. These trade routes sustained the fortunes of the dynasty and brought diverse goods and peoples to Northern Wei cities. This remarkable tomb retinue provides a multifaceted picture of Northern Wei society. Soldiers and horsemen confirm a strong military presence; bearded foreigners and heavily laden camels evoke the important overland trade in silk and other products. An ensemble of seated female and mounted male musicians indicates the presence of music in many aspects of life. The function of this assemblage was both to protect the tomb occupant from potential dangers and to provide necessities or signify rank in the afterlife. The two large creatures sitting on their haunches are early examples of tomb guardians. They, along with the oversized civilian officials and armored warriors, ensured the safety of the deceased. Figures of chickens, pigs, rams, and geese were included as provisions for the dead.