Currently not on view

Judith and the Head of Holofernes

Joachim Wtewael, 1566–1638; born and died Utrecht, Netherlands
y1975-11
Not included in the Hebrew and Protestant Bibles because it is considered apocryphal, the story of Judith has been variously interpreted in European art. During the siege of Bethulia, the Jewish widow Judith beguiles the Assyrian commander Holofernes, waits until he is incapacitated by drunkenness, and cuts off his head. The siege is lifted, and Bethulia is saved. Donatello’s fifteenth-century bronze sculpture of Judith in Florence’s main square celebrated her as a severe, righteous liberator. In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, however, Caravaggio and his followers emphasized the lurid aspects of the tale: its blend of sex and violence was exploited for voyeuristic appeal, or, alternatively, for a shocking suggestion of symbolic castration. A supporter of Holland’s revolt against Spain (1560s–1609), Wtewael likely saw in Judith’s triumph an example of God’s support of a righteous cause. Yet the erotic elements here— Judith’s brightly colored two-toned gown, which offers a glimpse of her navel, her thrown-back head and exposed throat—hold our attention. There is perhaps intentional irony in the heroine’s proffering of her neck (the place where she struck Holofernes) to our gaze, as she sticks a finger in the dead man’s eye.

More Context

Handbook Entry

Campus Voices

Information

Object Number
y1975-11
Maker
Joachim Wtewael
Medium
Oil on canvas
Dates

ca. 1595–1600

Dimensions
109.5 × 80 cm (43 1/8 × 31 1/2 in.) frame: 128.6 × 99 × 7.9 cm (50 5/8 × 39 × 3 1/8 in.)
Credit Line
Museum purchase, gift of George L. Craig Jr., Class of 1921, and Mrs. Craig
Materials
canvas, oil paint

Robert E. Peters (by 1966–75; sale, Sotheby’s New York, March 6, 1975, lot 89, to Princeton University Art Museum).

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7714146

<em>An exhibition of paintings, sculpture, furniture, porcelain, from the collection of Mr. &amp; Mrs. Robert Edward Peters, St. Paul Art Center, 14 July- 3 October, 1966</em>, (St. Paul, MN: St. Paul Art Center, 1966)., no. 70 (illus.)

4823 1966
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1318332

Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc. 1975. <em>Important old master paintings</em>, sale code 3734. 6-7 March 1975, New York., no. 89

4824 1975
https://www.jstor.org/stable/776240

"Acquisitions", <em>Art journal</em> 35, no. 4 (Summer, 1976): p. 403-409., p. 405; p. 406 (illus.)

4825 1976
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774452

"Acquisitions of the Art Museum 1975," <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University,</em> 35, no. 1 (1976): p. 22-31., p. 23 (illus.)

3366 1976
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774444

Anne Walter Lowenthal, "Three Dutch Mannerist paintings", Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 36, no. 1 (1977): p. 12-21., p. 12-21, fig. 6

4814 1977
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14132955

Peter C. Sutton, <em>A guide to Dutch art in America</em> (Washington, D.C.: Netherlands-American Amity Trust; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986)., p. 242; fig. 362

446 1986
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13356351

Anne W. Lowenthal, <em>Joachim Wtewael and Dutch mannerism</em>, (Doornspijk, Netherlands: Davaco, 1986)., pl. 17; A-12, p. 90-91 (illus.)

4826 1986
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14244748

Allen Rosenbaum and Francis F. Jones,<em> Selections from The Art Museum, Princeton University, </em>(Princeton, NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1986), p. 55 (illus.)

1899 1986
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191864564

<em>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</em> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), 172 (illus.)

474 2007
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/865020505

<em>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </em>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013), p. 222

1994 2013
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/914215813

Lawrence W. Nichols, "Joachim Wtewael: Utrecht; Washington; Houston", <em>Burlington magazine</em> 157, no. 1348 (Jul., 2015): p. 501-502., p. 501-502

4827 2015
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/934207744

James Clifton et. al., <em>Pleasure and Piety: the Art of Joachim Wtewael</em> (Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 2015),, pp. 76-78

4828 2015